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The term “brass” historically comes to the material which was used in making these musical instruments. But nowadays copper and silver are also applied in their creation. In the Middle Ages people produced the similar instruments using basically wood because many people weren't able to produce it of brass. French horn, tuba, trumpet, cornet, trombone and flugelhorn are included to the modern family of brass instruments.
The very first people have already known a technique of blowing horns and shells. Later on instruments that were similar to bugles appear when people started the production of instruments of metal. Often such instruments were applied during a war, hunting or had some divine destinations.
Hunting bugles, military horns and post clarions were the ancestors of modern brass instruments. Those instruments didn't have any mechanism and produced only several notes of natural scale. Various timbres of sounds were played only with the help of lips of a performer. Fanfares and other military and hunting signals appeared actually at that time. They were based on the natural scale and solidly settled in musical practice.
With the increasing of metal working progress and the production musical instruments of metal it became possible to create pipes of various dimensions and finishing. The term “natural instruments” appeared with the development of brass instruments producing and the improvement of diverse natural scales. There were no valve mechanisms, that is why such instruments could perform only natural scale. Guilds of trumpeters appeared at those centuries. At that age 2 guilds of trumpeters dwelled: martial trumpeters who sounded military songs and chambers trumpet-players that played in courts.
At the very beginning of the XIX century was created valve mechanism. The technique of playing was changed due to this invention and the possibility of scales was increased. An additional crown was included in the main pipe, it increased the dimension of a musical instrument and lowered its pitch.
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